The Haber process is a key industrial method used to synthesize ammonia (NH₃) by combining nitrogen (N₂) from the air with hydrogen (H₂) gas. This reaction occurs under high temperature (around 450°C), high pressure (about 150–200 atmospheres), and in the presence of an iron catalyst.

The overall reaction is:
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

Ammonia produced via the Haber process is essential for:

• Manufacturing fertilizers, which support global agriculture
• Producing explosives and other chemicals
• Serving as a building block for many industrial compounds

Developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch in the early 20th century, this process revolutionized food production and helped sustain the growing world population by enabling large-scale fertilizer production.