Plasma is a unique and energetic state of matter distinct from solids, liquids, and gases. It forms when a gas is heated to extremely high temperatures or subjected to strong electromagnetic fields, causing the atoms to become ionized—meaning electrons are stripped away from atoms, creating a mix of free electrons and positively charged ions.
Because of this ionization, plasma conducts electricity, responds strongly to magnetic and electric fields, and emits light. It is found naturally in places like the Sun, stars, lightning, and auroras. Artificial plasmas are used in fluorescent lights, plasma TVs, and industrial processes like cutting metals.
Plasma makes up over 99% of the visible universe, yet it’s not commonly encountered in everyday life on Earth. Its behavior is more complex than that of solids, liquids, or gases due to the interactions between charged particles and electromagnetic forces.