Oxidation and Reduction: Electron Transfer in Reactions

Oxidation and reduction are complementary chemical processes that involve the transfer of electrons: A helpful way to remember this is

Electronegativity: An Atom’s Pull on Electrons

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons toward itself in a chemical bond. It reflects

Mole Concept: Linking Mass to Number of Particles

The mole concept is a key tool in chemistry that allows scientists to count tiny particles—like atoms, molecules, or ions—by

Inorganic Chemistry: Exploring the World Beyond Carbon

Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of non-organic compounds, which generally do not contain

Organic Chemistry: The Study of Carbon-Based Compounds

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

Flame Test: Identifying Elements by Color

The flame test is a simple yet powerful technique used to identify certain metal ions based on the color they

Helium: Discovered in the Sun Before Earth

Helium is unique among elements because it was first discovered in the Sun, not on Earth. In 1868, during a

Chirality: Mirror-Image Molecules with Unique Optical Activity

Chirality in chemistry refers to the property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image, much like

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy Always Increases

The second law of thermodynamics states that in any natural process, the total entropy of an isolated system will either

First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy Cannot Be Created or Destroyed

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that energy cannot be created or