Transition Metals: Masters of Multiple Oxidation States

Transition metals, found in the center block (d-block) of the periodic table, are known for their ability to exhibit multiple

Electron Configuration: The Key to Chemical Behavior

The electron configuration of an atom describes how its electrons are arranged in different energy levels (shells) and sublevels (orbitals)

Neutralization: The Reaction Between Acids and Bases

Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. This

Bases: Substances That Release Hydroxide Ions

Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, making the solution alkaline. These OH⁻ ions are

Acids: Substances That Release Hydrogen Ions

Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in aqueous solution. These free H⁺ ions, also called protons,

Salt (NaCl): A Classic Ionic Compound

Salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), is a well-known ionic compound formed by the chemical reaction between the metal sodium (Na)

Gold (Au): A Noble Metal Known for Its Unreactivity

Gold (Au) is a highly unreactive element and is classified as a noble metal due to its remarkable resistance to

Catalysts: Lowering Activation Energy to Speed Up Reactions

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy—the minimum amount of energy

Law of Conservation of Mass: Matter Cannot Be Created or Destroyed

The law of conservation of mass states that in any chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed. This means

Endothermic Reactions: Absorbing Heat from the Surroundings

Endothermic reactions are chemical processes that absorb heat energy from their surroundings, resulting in a drop in temperature around the