Faraday Cage: Shielding Against Electric Fields

A Faraday cage is an enclosure made of a conducting material that blocks external static and non-static electric fields from

Charged Particle Traps: Confining Ions with Fields

Charged particle traps, such as Penning traps and Paul traps, are devices used to confine and manipulate charged particles like

Alfvén Waves: Magnetic Vibrations Traveling Through Plasma

Alfvén waves are a type of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave that travel along magnetic field lines within a plasma. These waves

Double Layers: Charged Interfaces in Plasmas

Double layers are structures within a plasma that consist of two closely spaced layers of opposite electric charge, forming a

Plasma Sheath: The Boundary Layer Near Surfaces

A sheath is a thin region that forms at the interface where a plasma contacts a solid surface. It plays

Plasma Frequency: The Natural Rhythm of Electron Oscillations

The plasma frequency is the natural frequency at which electrons in a plasma oscillate when slightly disturbed from their equilibrium

Langmuir Waves: Electron Density Oscillations in Plasmas

Langmuir waves are rapid, collective oscillations of electrons in a plasma, occurring when the electrons are disturbed from equilibrium and

Debye Length: The Shielding Distance in a Plasma

The Debye length is a fundamental concept in plasma physics. It defines the distance over which electric potentials are screened

Plasma Beta: Measuring Pressure Balance in Fusion Plasmas

Plasma beta (β) is a key parameter in plasma physics that describes the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure.

Coulomb Barrier: The Fusion Energy Hurdle

The Coulomb barrier refers to the electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nuclei that must be overcome for nuclear fusion