Bell States: The Foundation of Quantum Entanglement

Bell states are a special set of maximally entangled states involving two qubits. They represent the strongest form of quantum

Hong–Ou–Mandel Effect: Quantum Interference of Identical Photons

The Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) effect is a hallmark phenomenon in quantum optics that reveals the quantum interference of indistinguishable photons. It

Photon Antibunching: Evidence of the Quantum Nature of Light

Photon antibunching is a quantum optical phenomenon where photons are emitted one at a time rather than in groups or

Quantum Optics: Probing Light at the Quantum Frontier

Quantum optics is the study of how light (photons) interacts with matter at the quantum level. Unlike classical optics, which

Optomechanics: Light Meets Motion

Optomechanics is the field of physics that explores how light (photons) interacts with mechanical motion, typically at the micro- or

Lock-in Amplifiers: Detecting Weak Signals in Noise

A lock-in amplifier is a precision instrument used to measure very small AC signals buried in noisy environments by using

Heterodyne Detection: Extracting Frequency Information

Heterodyne detection is a technique used in electronics and optics where two signals of different frequencies are mixed to produce

Frequency Combs: Precision Tools for Measuring Light

A frequency comb is a special type of laser that emits light consisting of many equally spaced frequencies, resembling the

Mode Locking: Generating Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Mode locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses—often in the picosecond (10⁻¹² s) or femtosecond (10⁻¹⁵

Q-Switching: Creating Intense Laser Pulses

Q-switching is a laser technique used to produce short, high-intensity pulses by temporarily storing energy in the gain medium and