Hawking Radiation: When Black Holes Slowly Fade Away

Hawking radiation is a groundbreaking theoretical prediction by physicist Stephen Hawking, which suggests that black holes are not completely black—they

GZK Limit: The Energy Ceiling for Cosmic Rays

The GZK limit (or Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit) is a theoretical upper energy threshold for cosmic rays—high-energy particles traveling through space—beyond which

Cosmic Strings: Hypothetical Threads from the Early Universe

Cosmic strings are theoretical, one-dimensional topological defects that may have formed during phase transitions in the very early universe—similar to

Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff Equation: The Blueprint of a Neutron Star

The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation is a key result from general relativity that describes the internal structure of neutron stars—incredibly dense,

Oppenheimer–Volkoff Limit: The Mass Boundary for Neutron Stars

The Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit is the theoretical maximum mass that a neutron star can have while remaining stable under the pressure

Chandrasekhar Limit: The Mass Cutoff for White Dwarfs

The Chandrasekhar limit, approximately 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, is the maximum mass a white dwarf can have

Roche Limit: The Tidal Boundary for Orbiting Bodies

The Roche limit is the minimum distance from a planet or other massive body that a smaller satellite or moon

Virial Theorem: Balancing Energies in Gravitational Systems

The Virial Theorem is a powerful tool in astrophysics that relates the average kinetic energy and potential energy of a

Jeans Instability: The Trigger for Star Formation

The Jeans instability is a concept in astrophysics that explains when and how interstellar gas clouds begin to collapse under

Cosmic Inflation: The Universe’s Sudden Growth Spurt

Cosmic inflation is a theory that proposes the universe underwent an extremely rapid expansion in its earliest moments, just a