Shock Tubes: Tools for Studying High-Speed Gas Dynamics

A shock tube is a laboratory device used to generate and study shock waves and high-speed gas flows under controlled

Compressible Flow: When Air Density Can No Longer Be Ignored

Compressible flow refers to fluid motion in which changes in fluid density are significant, typically occurring when a gas moves

Knudsen Number: When to Treat Gas Flow as a Continuum

The Knudsen number (Kn) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics and gas dynamics to determine whether a gas

Stokes’ Law: Drag on a Sphere in Viscous Flow

Stokes’ Law describes the drag force experienced by a small spherical object moving slowly through a viscous fluid. It applies

Archimedes’ Principle: Buoyancy and Displaced Fluid

Archimedes’ Principle is a fundamental law of physics that explains why objects float or sink in a fluid. It states

Buoyant Force: The Upward Push from Fluids

Buoyant force is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object that is either fully or partially submerged

Rayleigh–Bénard Convection: Patterns in Heated Fluids

Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a phenomenon that describes how ordered, often hexagonal patterns form in a fluid layer when it is

Marangoni Effect: Flow Driven by Surface Tension Differences

The Marangoni effect refers to the movement of fluid along an interface caused by a gradient in surface tension. When

Surface Tension: The Invisible Skin of a Liquid

Surface tension is a physical property of liquids that arises from the cohesive forces between molecules, especially those at the

Navier–Stokes Equations: The Foundation of Fluid Motion

The Navier–Stokes equations are a set of fundamental mathematical equations that describe the motion of viscous fluid substances, such as