Rayleigh Criterion: Diffraction Limit of Optical Resolution

The Rayleigh criterion defines the minimum angular separation at which two point light sources can be distinctly resolved by an

Fabry–Pérot Interferometer: Precision Through Multiple Beam Interference

The Fabry–Pérot interferometer is an optical device that uses multiple reflections between two parallel, highly reflective surfaces (mirrors) to produce

Coherence: The Stability of Phase Relationships Between Waves

Coherence describes the property of waves maintaining a constant and predictable phase difference over time and space. When two or

Phase Difference: The Key to Wave Interference

Phase difference refers to the relative shift in the oscillation cycles of two or more waves. It is a measure

RLC Circuits: Combining Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance for Oscillations

An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit that includes a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) connected

Quality Factor (Q): Measuring Oscillator Sharpness and Damping

The quality factor (Q) is a dimensionless parameter that quantifies how underdamped an oscillator is—that is, how long it oscillates

Restoring Force in Harmonic Motion: The Principle Behind Oscillations

In simple harmonic motion (SHM), the restoring force is the force that pulls an object back toward its equilibrium position

Restoring Force in Harmonic Motion: The Principle Behind Oscillations

In simple harmonic motion (SHM), the restoring force is the force that pulls an object back toward its equilibrium position

Simple Harmonic Motion: The Basics of Periodic Oscillation

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) describes a type of periodic, oscillatory motion where an object moves back and forth around an

Precession: The Slow Wobble of a Spinning Axis

Precession refers to the gradual, circular movement of the rotational axis of a spinning object around another axis due to