Planck’s Constant — The Quantum Scale Setter

The Planck constant (h) is a fundamental constant in physics that sets the scale for quantum effects. It defines the

Moving Charges Create Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields are generated whenever electric charges are in motion. This fundamental concept is a cornerstone of electromagnetism, one of

Discovery of the Electron by J.J. Thomson

In 1897, British physicist J.J. Thomson made a groundbreaking discovery: the electron, the first known subatomic particle. He made this

The Afterglow of Creation – Cosmic Microwave Background

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the faint, uniform radiation that fills the entire universe—often described as the afterglow of

Cosmic Inflation After the Big Bang

Shortly after the Big Bang, the universe experienced an incredibly fast and dramatic expansion known as cosmic inflation. This occurred

Electron Diffraction and Wave-Particle Duality

Wave-particle duality is the concept in quantum physics that particles like electrons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. This duality

The Law of Conservation of Energy

The Law of Conservation of Energy is a fundamental principle of physics stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed,

The Photoelectric Effect and Quantized Light

The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where electrons are ejected from a metal surface when light shines on it. Classical

Quantum Computing: Harnessing Superposition and Entanglement

Quantum computers represent a fundamentally different approach to computation compared to classical computers. Instead of using bits that are either

Fermions vs. Bosons — Two Types of Particles, Two Types of Statistics

Fermions, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. A key rule for fermions is the Pauli Exclusion Principle,