The Big Bang Theory: Birth of the Universe

The Big Bang Theory is the leading scientific explanation for how the universe began. It proposes that the universe started

Wave-Particle Duality of Light

Light exhibits a unique dual nature — it behaves both as a wave and a particle, a concept known as

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle – The Limits of Measurement

The Uncertainty Principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that states: it is

The Higgs Boson – The Particle That Gives Mass

The Higgs boson is a fundamental particle associated with the Higgs field, a quantum field that is responsible for giving

The Pauli Exclusion Principle – No Two Fermions Alike

The Pauli Exclusion Principle, formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, is a fundamental rule in quantum physics which states that

Superconductors – Perfect Conductors at Low Temperatures

Superconductors are special materials that can conduct electricity with absolutely zero electrical resistance when cooled below a certain critical temperature.

The Planck Length – The Smallest Scale of the Universe

The Planck length, approximately 1.6 × 10⁻³⁵ meters, is believed to be the smallest meaningful unit of length in the

Quantum Entanglement – Spooky Action at a Distance

Quantum entanglement is a strange and fascinating phenomenon in quantum physics where two or more particles become so deeply linked

The Fundamental Charge of the Electron

Electrons carry a negative electric charge of approximately −1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs (C). This tiny quantity is known as the

The Constant Speed of Light in Vacuum

The speed of light in a vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s). This value is not just a