Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction states that a changing magnetic field in a closed loop of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF)—a voltage that can drive electric current. This is one of the foundational principles of electromagnetism and was discovered by Michael Faraday in the 1830s.
The induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. Magnetic flux depends on the strength of the magnetic field, the area it passes through, and the angle between the field and the surface. A faster or more intense change in the magnetic field results in a stronger induced voltage.
Faraday’s Law is the working principle behind:
- Electric generators, where mechanical motion turns coils in magnetic fields to produce electricity,
- Transformers, which use changing currents to induce voltage across coils,
- Induction cooktops and wireless charging, which use changing magnetic fields to transfer energy.
It connects magnetism and electricity, forming the basis for modern electrical technology.