Strong Nuclear Force: The Glue of the Atomic Nucleus
The strong nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and is responsible for binding protons and
Strong Nuclear Force: The Glue of the Atomic Nucleus
The strong nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and is responsible for binding protons and
VSEPR Theory: Predicting Molecular Shapes Using Electron Pairs
The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used in chemistry to predict the 3D shape of
Catalytic Converters: Cleaning Vehicle Emissions with Catalysts
Catalytic converters are devices installed in the exhaust systems of vehicles to reduce harmful emissions by using catalysts—substances that speed
Redox Reactions: Coupled Electron Transfers
Redox reactions are chemical reactions in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. In every redox reaction, one substance loses electrons
Oxidation and Reduction: Electron Transfer in Reactions
Oxidation and reduction are complementary chemical processes that involve the transfer of electrons: A helpful way to remember this is
Electronegativity: An Atom’s Pull on Electrons
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons toward itself in a chemical bond. It reflects
Mole Concept: Linking Mass to Number of Particles
The mole concept is a key tool in chemistry that allows scientists to count tiny particles—like atoms, molecules, or ions—by
Inorganic Chemistry: Exploring the World Beyond Carbon
Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of non-organic compounds, which generally do not contain
Organic Chemistry: The Study of Carbon-Based Compounds
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.