Boiling Point of Water: 100°C at Standard Pressure
The boiling point of water is 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure, which is defined as 1 atmosphere (atm) or
Diamond and Graphite: Allotropes of Carbon with Contrasting Properties
Diamond and graphite are both allotropes of carbon, meaning they are made of the same element—carbon—but have different atomic arrangements,
Molecular Geometry: Shaping Chemical Behavior
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. This spatial structure plays a crucial role in
Speed of Light and Einstein’s Energy-Mass Equation
The speed of light (c) plays a central role in Einstein’s famous equation:E = mc²,which shows the relationship between energy
Radioactive Isotopes: Unstable Atoms That Emit Radiation
Radioactive isotopes, also called radioisotopes, are unstable forms of elements that decay over time, releasing radiation in the process. This
Transition Metals: Masters of Multiple Oxidation States
Transition metals, found in the center block (d-block) of the periodic table, are known for their ability to exhibit multiple
Electron Configuration: The Key to Chemical Behavior
The electron configuration of an atom describes how its electrons are arranged in different energy levels (shells) and sublevels (orbitals)
Neutralization: The Reaction Between Acids and Bases
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. This
Bases: Substances That Release Hydroxide Ions
Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, making the solution alkaline. These OH⁻ ions are
Acids: Substances That Release Hydrogen Ions
Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in aqueous solution. These free H⁺ ions, also called protons,