Bell States: The Foundation of Quantum Entanglement
Bell states are a special set of maximally entangled states involving two qubits. They represent the strongest form of quantum
Hong–Ou–Mandel Effect: Quantum Interference of Identical Photons
The Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) effect is a hallmark phenomenon in quantum optics that reveals the quantum interference of indistinguishable photons. It
Photon Antibunching: Evidence of the Quantum Nature of Light
Photon antibunching is a quantum optical phenomenon where photons are emitted one at a time rather than in groups or
Quantum Optics: Probing Light at the Quantum Frontier
Quantum optics is the study of how light (photons) interacts with matter at the quantum level. Unlike classical optics, which
Optomechanics: Light Meets Motion
Optomechanics is the field of physics that explores how light (photons) interacts with mechanical motion, typically at the micro- or
Lock-in Amplifiers: Detecting Weak Signals in Noise
A lock-in amplifier is a precision instrument used to measure very small AC signals buried in noisy environments by using
Heterodyne Detection: Extracting Frequency Information
Heterodyne detection is a technique used in electronics and optics where two signals of different frequencies are mixed to produce
Frequency Combs: Precision Tools for Measuring Light
A frequency comb is a special type of laser that emits light consisting of many equally spaced frequencies, resembling the
Mode Locking: Generating Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Mode locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses—often in the picosecond (10⁻¹² s) or femtosecond (10⁻¹⁵
Q-Switching: Creating Intense Laser Pulses
Q-switching is a laser technique used to produce short, high-intensity pulses by temporarily storing energy in the gain medium and