Poiseuille’s Law: Predicting Smooth Flow Through Pipes
Poiseuille’s Law describes how an incompressible, Newtonian fluid flows in a laminar (smooth and orderly) manner through a long, straight,
Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability: When Sheared Fluids Begin to Ripple
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability occurs when there is a velocity difference (shear) either within a continuous fluid or between two fluid
Vorticity: Measuring the Swirl in Fluid Flow
Vorticity is a concept in fluid dynamics that measures the local rotation or “spin” of fluid elements within a flow
Bernoulli’s Principle: Speed and Pressure Trade-Off in Fluids
Bernoulli’s principle is a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics stating that in a streamlined flow, the pressure within a fluid
Zero-Point Energy: The Irreducible Quantum Ground State Energy
Zero-point energy is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system can possess, even when it is cooled down
Bose-Einstein Condensates: Matter in a Single Quantum State
A Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is a unique state of matter that occurs at temperatures extremely close to absolute zero (0
SQUIDs: Ultra-Sensitive Detectors of Magnetic Fields
A SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) is a highly sensitive magnetometer used to detect minute magnetic fields—often as small as
Josephson Junctions: Quantum Tunneling Links in Superconducting Circuits
A Josephson junction consists of two superconducting electrodes separated by a very thin insulating barrier. Although the barrier normally blocks
Spintronics: Harnessing Electron Spin for Next-Gen Electronics
Spintronics (short for spin electronics) is an advanced field of electronics that leverages not only the charge of electrons—as in
Quantum Capacitance: Charge Storage Limited by Electron States
Quantum capacitance is a phenomenon observed in low-dimensional systems—such as graphene, quantum dots, or nanotubes—where the ability to store electric