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Quantum Dots: Nanoscale Electron Traps with Unique Optical Properties

Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor particles—typically only a few nanometers in size—that can confine electrons (or holes) in all three

Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence similar to fluorescence, but unlike fluorescence, it involves a delayed re-emission of light after

Fluorescence is the phenomenon in which a substance absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation and then re-emits it almost immediately

Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are phenomena where sound or light waves travel along curved surfaces, repeatedly reflecting and staying confined

Sound intensity refers to the amount of sound energy passing through a unit area per unit time. It measures how

Shock waves are abrupt, high-pressure disturbances that form when an object travels through a medium (like air) faster than the

Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies above the range of human hearing (typically above 20 kHz). These high-frequency acoustic

Acoustic waves are mechanical waves that travel through fluids (liquids and gases) as longitudinal pressure variations. In these waves, the

Population inversion is a critical prerequisite for laser operation, where the number of atoms or molecules in an excited energy

A laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a device that emits a highly focused beam of coherent,