Nuclear Fission: Splitting Atoms to Release Energy
Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which a heavy atomic nucleus, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, splits into two
Thermoelectric Effects: Converting Heat into Electricity and Vice Versa
Thermoelectric effects refer to a set of physical phenomena where heat energy is directly converted into electrical energy, or electrical
Joule Heating: Turning Electric Current into Heat
Joule heating, also known as resistive heating, is the process by which electrical energy is converted into heat when an
Biot–Savart Law: Calculating Magnetic Fields from Electric Currents
The Biot–Savart Law is a fundamental equation in electromagnetism that describes how a steady electric current produces a magnetic field
Laplace’s Law: Balancing Pressure and Tension in Curved Surfaces
Laplace’s Law describes the relationship between pressure, radius, and surface tension in curved structures like spherical membranes, bubbles, blood vessels,
Flux: Measuring Field Flow Through a Surface
Flux is a physical quantity that represents the amount of a field passing through a surface. It provides a way
Hall Effect: Voltage Perpendicular to Current in a Magnetic Field
The Hall effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the direction of electric
Cyclotron Motion: Circular Paths of Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields
Cyclotron motion refers to the circular or spiral trajectory that a charged particle follows when it moves through a uniform
Magnetic Hysteresis: The Memory Effect in Magnetism
Hysteresis in magnetism describes the phenomenon where a material’s magnetization lags behind changes in the applied magnetic field. When a
Piezoelectricity: Electricity from Mechanical Pressure
Piezoelectricity is the phenomenon where certain materials generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress—such as squeezing, bending, or