Time Reversal Symmetry – Physics Unchanged in Reverse Time
Time reversal symmetry is a fundamental concept in physics that suggests the laws of physics remain valid even if the
Photons – Massless Carriers of Light and Electromagnetism
Photons are elementary particles that serve as the force carriers of the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces
The World’s Most Powerful Particle Accelerator – The LHC
The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator ever built. Located near Geneva, Switzerland,
The Quantum Hall Effect — Quantized Conductivity in 2D Systems
The Quantum Hall Effect is a remarkable phenomenon where the electrical conductivity of a two-dimensional electron system becomes quantized—meaning it
Superposition — The Quantum State of Being in Many States
In quantum mechanics, superposition refers to the principle that a quantum system—like an electron or a photon—can exist in multiple
Planck’s Constant — The Quantum Scale Setter
The Planck constant (h) is a fundamental constant in physics that sets the scale for quantum effects. It defines the
Moving Charges Create Magnetic Fields
Magnetic fields are generated whenever electric charges are in motion. This fundamental concept is a cornerstone of electromagnetism, one of
Discovery of the Electron by J.J. Thomson
In 1897, British physicist J.J. Thomson made a groundbreaking discovery: the electron, the first known subatomic particle. He made this
The Afterglow of Creation – Cosmic Microwave Background
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the faint, uniform radiation that fills the entire universe—often described as the afterglow of
Cosmic Inflation After the Big Bang
Shortly after the Big Bang, the universe experienced an incredibly fast and dramatic expansion known as cosmic inflation. This occurred