Polymers are large molecules composed of many repeating units called monomers that are chemically bonded together, often in long chains. These monomers are small, simple molecules that can join through processes like polymerization to form complex structures.
There are two main types of polymers:
- Natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, proteins, DNA, starch) found in living organisms.
- Synthetic polymers (e.g., plastic, nylon, polyethylene, Teflon) created through industrial processes.
Polymers can be:
- Linear (straight chains),
- Branched, or
- Cross-linked (forming a network structure).
Their properties—such as flexibility, strength, elasticity, and resistance to chemicals—make them incredibly useful in everyday life, from clothing and packaging to medical devices and electronics. The versatility of polymers is largely due to the vast variety of monomers and structures they can form.