Quantum computers represent a fundamentally different approach to computation compared to classical computers. Instead of using bits that are either 0 or 1, quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 at the same time. This means a quantum system can explore multiple solutions simultaneously.
Moreover, qubits can become entangled, a unique quantum phenomenon where the state of one qubit is directly related to the state of another, no matter how far apart they are. This interdependence allows quantum computers to perform highly coordinated operations across many qubits, leading to exponential increases in processing power for specific tasks.
These principles make quantum computers particularly powerful for problems like factoring large numbers, simulating quantum systems, and optimizing complex functions—tasks that would take classical computers an impractical amount of time. While still in early stages, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, materials science, and artificial intelligence.