The universe is governed by four fundamental forces that dictate how matter and energy interact. These forces are the foundation of all physical phenomena, from the motion of planets to the behavior of subatomic particles.
The Four Forces:
- Gravity
- The force of attraction between masses.
- It governs the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and the structure of the cosmos.
- Although the weakest of the four forces, it acts over infinite distances.
- Electromagnetism
- Acts between electrically charged particles.
- Responsible for electricity, magnetism, light, and chemical bonding.
- Stronger than gravity and also acts over infinite distances.
- Strong Nuclear Force
- The strongest force but acts only over very short ranges (inside atomic nuclei).
- Holds protons and neutrons together within the nucleus, overcoming electromagnetic repulsion between protons.
- Weak Nuclear Force
- Responsible for certain types of radioactive decay and nuclear reactions, such as those in the Sun.
- Acts at a very short range and is weaker than the strong and electromagnetic forces.
Why They Matter:
- These forces explain everything from why apples fall to the ground (gravity) to how the Sun produces energy (nuclear forces).
- Physicists aim to unify these forces into a single theory, revealing deeper connections in the laws of nature.